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教师职业态度关乎教师发展和教育质量。当前中小学教师存在内卷与躺平两种失范的职业态度。该研究利用半结构访谈,借助推拉理论,分析中小学教师内卷、躺平的类型与影响因素。研究发现,根据教师选择行为背后的支配逻辑,教师内卷存在寻求发展、争抢名誉、谋求生存、应付考核四种类型,教师躺平存在安于舒适、逃避负担、陷入挫败三种类型。结构性发展困境、功利主义和优绩主义双重驱动的拉力导致中小学教师选择内卷;不堪承受的工作负担、躺平文化的媒介渲染、编制庇护下的“软抵抗”以及被投诉可能性下的自保的推力使中小学教师选择躺平。打破教师内卷、躺平怪圈应根据教师差异化的职业心态因势利导,从学校、教师、制度等方面改善教师境遇。
Abstract：Teachers' professional attitudes and behaviors are closely related to their professional development and the quality of education. At present, two types of deviant professional attitudes—“involution” and “lying flat”—exist among primary and secondary school teachers. Using semi-structured interviews and drawing on push-pull theory, this study analyzes the types and influencing factors of “involution” and “lying flat” among primary and secondary school teachers. It found that, based on the underlying logic behind teachers' behavioral choices, there are four types of teacher involution: seeking development, competing for recognition, striving for survival, and coping with evaluations. There are three types of teacher “lying flat”: settling for comfort, avoiding burdens, and being mired in frustration. The structural developmental dilemma and the dual pull of utilitarianism and meritocracy drive primary and secondary school teachers to choose involution. The unbearable workload, media portrayal of the “lying flat” culture, “soft resistance” under the protection of tenure, and the motivation for self-preservation in the face of potential complaints have led primary and secondary school teachers to adopt a “ lying flat” approach. Breaking the vicious cycle of teacher involution and passive disengagement requires guiding teachers according to their diverse professional mindsets and improving their situations through targeted measures that address schools, teachers, and institutional systems.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:G635.1
引用信息:
[1]朱新卓,龚燕.内卷还是躺平：推拉理论视阈下中小学教师职业态度的现象学研究[J].中国电化教育,2025,No.464(09):45-53.
基金信息:
2025年湖南省教育科学规划一般课题——数智时代普通中学“新手型教师”精准培训模式研究(课题编号:ND254768); 2021年江苏省教育科学“十四五”规划项目(项目编号:C-c/2021/03/51)研究成果