中国电化教育

人工智能与教育深度融合，在人机协同教育中不断从教学工具向教育者转化。人工智能是否能成为真正意义上的教育者，其中最需要清晰认识的基本问题是人工智能机器人在发展中逐渐具备的“拟人性”与人的主体性之间的本质差别，这涉及到人工智能应用于教育领域的基础认知。为了更好地认识人工智能，该文对其本质和实践形态进行深入剖析。一是，从内在机制分析发现，人工智能只是人类设计各种算法模仿人的认知和行动的技术，本质上仅仅是通过算法的数学计算进入到语言和思维领域实现机器智能，但算法本身缺陷限制了人工智能无法逾越人的主体性特征；二是，从机器外部赋能揭示出，人工智能是以人为目的，表达人的想法的实践工具，最具特征的人工智能的能动实则也是被人的主体性实践所支配。三是，从教育的初心和本质考察，人工智能也不能在教育实践中唤醒、激发、建构人的主体性成长，只是贯彻施行技术特征的教学实践工具。研究认为，在教育实践领域，要充分认识到人的全面发展并非主体性缺失的人工智能所能为。

Artificial intelligence is deeply integrated with education, and is constantly transforming from a teaching tool to an educator in human-machine cooperative education. Whether artificial intelligence can become educators in the true sense of the word, one of the basic issues that need to be clearly recognized is the essential difference between the “anthropomorphic nature” of AI robots and the subjectivity of human beings, which involves the basic cognition of AI applied to the field of education. In order to better understand AI, the paper provides an in-depth analysis of its nature and practical forms. First, from the analysis of the inner mechanism, it is found that AI is just a technology that human beings design various algorithms to imitate human cognition and action, which is essentially just a mathematical computation of algorithms to enter into the field of language and thinking to realize machine intelligence, but the defects of algorithms themselves limit AI's inability to overstep the characteristics of human subjectivity; second, from the external empowerment of the machine, it is revealed that AI is a practical tool to express people's ideas for human purposes, and the most characteristic initiative of AI is also dominated by the practice of human subjectivity. Thirdly, from the examination of the original intention and essence of education, AI cannot awaken, stimulate,and construct the growth of human subjectivity in educational practice, but is only a practical tool for teaching and learning that carries out the characteristics of technology. The study concludes that in the field of educational practice, it is important to fully realize that the comprehensive development of human beings is not something that can be achieved by AI with a lack of subjectivity.