中国电化教育

当前国际上,一种以场耦合、整体论和自然生成为旨趣的自然人文主义教育思潮渐成主流。在学习评价领域,OECD的PISA模式可谓个中翘楚。为此,该文首先从词源学视角解读了PISA中"Literacy"的社会文化功能,接着从认知与进化层面探讨了学习的发生与本质,对"学习素养"给出了一个描述性定义,提出了形成模型,最后,构建了评价指标体系,运用基于计算机的项目反应理论测试方法在郑州E中学开展了实证研究。结论如下:(1)学习素养有三个公因子,它们分别是显著影响学习素养形成的素养因子、反映考试成绩高低的成绩因子和能否积极利用身边各种学习资源的资源利用因子,其中素养因子对学习素养的影响最为显著;(2)就总体而言,学生表现最出色的是交流合作和记忆策略,最差的是信息资源利用情况;(3)成绩优异的学生和绝大部分学生主要采用记忆策略,而成绩中上者则常用精致策略;(4)在所有指标中,学科成绩的标准差最大;(5)精致策略等四个指标都会显著影响知识迁移水平。在当前背景下,学生的学习参与度普遍偏低,活学活用能力明显欠缺,两极分化现象严重,这些问题不能不引起业界关注。

Nowadays, the educational thinking trend of natural humanism has come to be the main stream in the world by the way of coupling of situation, theory of system and natural spanning. Among those modes of learning assessment, the one in PISA of OECD is especially prominent. In this paper, the social cultural functions of literacy in PISA was explained from the perspective of etymology first, and then, the producing and essence of learning was probed into from the angle of cognition and evolution, in addition, a descriptive definition and forming model of learning literacy were put forward, finally, a case study of mathematics in a junior high school in Zhengzhou was carried out based on IRT test after constructing system of assessment indices. Conclusions from this study are as follows:(1) There are three common factors for learning literacy, and they are Factor of Literacy, Factor of Score and Factor of Learning Resources, respectively indicating the principal forming of learning literacy, the level of testing score and the condition of making good use of learning resources at hand.(2) In general, the students are good at using of Strategy of Memory and Communication and Cooperation.(3) Most students, especially those with top scores are apt to use Strategy of Memory, but those students with above-mean scores did a good job in using of Elaborative Strategy.(4) The standard deviation of Testing Score is the biggest among the nine indices.(5) The indices which have an obvious influence on Transfer of Knowledge include Elaborative Strategy and the like. In current situation, the students have a lower engagement in learning and insufficient ability to solve reallife problems flexibly, and besides, their attitude for learning is polarized. All these problems should be paid great attention to in our society.