中国电化教育

制度化不仅是新时代教育评价改革由个别现象向固定规范转化的发展过程，更是影响改革走向稳定与成功的关键。受传统教育评价观制约、教育评价制度体系尚不健全等因素影响，新时代教育评价改革遭遇了多重制度化困境。然而，当前学界对其制度化困境的研究却暂付阙如，而它关涉多个学科、受多重因素影响的复杂性也致使改革问题难以用单一的教育学原理去解释。因此，具有跨学科性质以及制度创新改革属性的新制度主义为我们提供了新的改革思路。基于新制度主义的理论分析框架研究发现，新时代教育评价改革制度化中存在集体行动困境、“合法性”困境和路径依赖困境。为此，要重构新时代教育评价改革的制度逻辑，促进博弈支付结构优化；加强正式制度和非正式制度供给，增强“强意义”与“弱意义”的“合法性”；整合强制性变迁和诱致性变迁，抓住新时代教育评价改革的“历史否决点”。

Institutionalization is not only the development process of transforming the educational evaluation reform from individual phenomenon to fixed norm in the new era, but also the key to the stability and success of the reform. The reform of education evaluation in the new era has encountered multiple institutionalized difficulties while restricted by the traditional view of education evaluation and imperfect relevant system. However, the current academic research on its institutionalization dilemma is temporarily absent, and the complexity of its involvement in multiple disciplines and affected by multiple factors makes it difficult to explain the reform issue with a single pedagogical principle. Therefore, the new institutionalism with interdisciplinary nature and the attributes of institutional innovation and reform provides us with new reform ideas. Based on the theoretical analysis framework of new institutionalism, it is found that there are collective action dilemmas, “legitimacy” dilemmas and path dependence dilemmas in the institutionalization of educational evaluation reform in the new era. Therefore, it's vital to reconstruct the system logic and promote the optimization of payment structure, strengthen the supply of formal institutions and informal institutions, promote the “legitimacy”of “strong meaning” and “weak meaning”, thus integrating the mandatory change and the induced change as well as grasping the “historical rejection point”.