中国电化教育

智慧教育逐渐成为各国探索未来教育形态和推进教育变革的重要方向。为揭示不同国家智慧教育发展的阶段性差异与路径特征,该研究以“国家智慧教育框架”为理论参照,聚焦智慧教育的国际理解与发展现状,综合运用问卷调查、公共数据分析与半结构化访谈方法,对中国与东南亚国家智慧教育发展进行比较研究。研究发现:第一,不同国家智慧教育发展处在教育变革的不同阶段,包括一阶变革、二阶变革,抑或起始时的“局部创新”阶段;第二,各国对智慧教育的理解整体呈现技术赋能与核心素养培养并重的共识取向;第三,智慧教育发展的现实挑战主要包括政策协同不强、教师能力建设滞后和本土化适配不足等方面。研究认为,我国智慧教育深化发展应从系统建设走向薄弱环节补强,从数字技能培训走向人机协同教学能力发展,并在国际合作中从经验输出走向共同能力建设,以提升智慧教育发展的均衡性和区域合作适配性。

Smart education has gradually become an important direction for countries to explore future forms of education and advance educational transformation. To reveal the stage-specific differences and pathway characteristics of smart education development across countries, this study takes the National Smart Education Framework as its theoretical reference and focuses on the international understanding and current development of smart education. By integrating questionnaire surveys, public data analysis, and semi-structured interviews, the study conducts a comparative analysis of smart education development in China and Southeast Asian countries. The findings show that: first, countries are at different stages of educational transformation in developing smart education, including first-order change, second-order change, or the initial stage of “ localized innovation”; second, countries' understandings of smart education generally reflect a shared orientation that emphasizes both technology empowerment and the cultivation of core competencies; third, the practical challenges facing smart education development mainly include insufficient policy coordination, lagging teacher capacity building, and inadequate local adaptation. The study argues that the further development of smart education in China should shift from system-wide construction to strengthening weak links, from digital skills training to the development of human-AI collaborative teaching competencies, and, in international cooperation, from experience sharing to joint capacity building, so as to enhance the balanced development of smart education and improve the contextual adaptability of regional cooperation.