中国电化教育

近年来，教育焦虑已经成为家长的群体性心态。掌握家长教育焦虑的现状、成因并提出缓解对策，对优化基础教育生态具有重要意义。该文基于2022年在全国8省市开展的初中生家庭教育状况调查，回答“双减”后我国初中生家长焦虑什么、程度如何、谁更焦虑、为何焦虑、如何缓解等问题。研究发现，半数以上的家长存在教育焦虑且家长整体呈现高焦虑情绪、低教育参与的特征，子女学业和未来发展是家长教育焦虑的核心。“双减”减轻了学生学业负担和校外培训负担，但未有效缓解家长教育焦虑。家长焦虑情绪在家庭背景方面无显著差异，但城市、高学历、高收入、高职业地位家长的教育参与行为更密集。家长的教育期望偏差，同辈群体与校外培训机构营造的竞争性教育氛围，高筛选、强竞争的基础教育生态以及教育的社会分层流动功能增强，是家长教育焦虑的影响因素。因此，缓解家长的教育焦虑，应从健全家校社协同育人机制、加强校外培训市场监管与引导、建构低筛选弱竞争的基础教育生态、加强社会建设等方面进行，以转变家长教育观念、营造良好的校外教育生态、弱化文凭的等级性和教育的竞争性、缓解家长的生存焦虑。

In recent years, educational anxiety has become a group mentality among parents. Grasping the status, characteristics and influencing factors of parents' education anxiety and proposing countermeasures to alleviate it, which is of great significance to the indepth promotion of the “double reduction” policy and the reconstruction of the basic education ecosystem. Based on the survey data of junior high school students' family education status in 8 provinces and cities in November 2022, statistical analysis answers the questions of “what is the anxiety”, “what is the degree”, “who is more anxious”, “why is anxious” and “how to alleviate it” of junior high school parents after the “double reduction” policy. It is found that more than half of the parents have educational anxiety and show the characteristics of “high anxiety and low educational involvement, and children's academic and future development is the core content of parents' education anxiety. The “double reduction” policy has reduced students' academic burden and out-of-school training burden, but has not effectively alleviated parents' educational anxiety. Anxiety emotional performance was no significant difference in family background factors, but the educational involvement behaviors of urban, highly educated, high-income and high-career parents was more intensive. The deviation of parents' educational expectations, the competitive educational atmosphere created by peer groups and out-of-school training institutions, the basic education ecology with high selection and strong competition,and the enhancement of the social stratification and mobility function of education are all important factors that lead parents to fall into educational anxiety. Therefore, to alleviate parents' educational anxiety, we should carry out comprehensive reforms from the aspects of improving the home-school-community collaborative education mechanism, increasing the supervision of out-of-school training market, building a basic education ecology with low selection and weak competition, and strengthening social construction,so as to change the parents' education concepts, create a good out-of-school education ecology, weaken the hierarchy of diplomas and the competitiveness of education, and alleviate parents' survival anxiety.